The Opium Wars

opium is a drug from a poppy seed plant that could be used to produce heroin. china was an isolated nation that didn't want anything to do with other nations. they were like stuck up and believed that their ancient rituals were the only thing they should worry. the British knew that they needed the resources from china so they they made the Chinese try opium drug until they were addicted to it. the Chinese got so addicted that many people couldn't live without it so British used this against them for exchanged of China's resources for example tea. china in their defense did like this at all. so they went to war with the British. the British crushed the Chinese because the British had more advanced technology weapon wise. they had machine guns,cannon and steam engine boats.

"The White Man's Burden"

The white man burden was written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899. it was originally written for queen Victoria. It was perfectly normal that white men constantly tried to colonize and rule people of other nations for their own benefit, both the people and the work may be seen as representing the "burden" of the title. I agree with the analysis because white people were traveling around exploring the world and robing resources from other nations. Two nations for example are Africa and India. Once the white people found the cure for malaria and their technology advanced they were unstoppable with their machines guns. Well whenever a country will have the power to control another country it is possible that imperialism to occur again.

"The Scramble for Africa"

The term "Scrabble for Africa" meant how European countries ( France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Germany, Italy, and Portugal) were so obsessed with the new land that everybodywanted Africa for their resources. They were all competing for resources. There resources were gold, wood,rubber, iron, tin, diamond, silver, copper, salt, ivory and other valuables. They were able to dominate Africa because they just invented
the machine gun and they also found the cure for malaria. With the cure of malaria they were able to go to the jungles and not die of the mosquitoes bites. This Scrabble affected the African people because the whites thought that they dominated the country and that they were the first race and the best race. They took advantage of the African people and made them into slaves. this also was a cause of theAfrican slave trade. The Europeans killed thousands of Africans and separated people within their tribes leading to also separation of families.

'Mountins Of The Moon"

The Europeans face crucial obstacles. They didn't have knowledge of the territories in Africa. They weren't familiar of the tribes and the way the tribes treated outsiders. They were scared but they had to continue their voyage for the source of the Nile river. The Africans tribes were so experience in throwing a sphere to kill their enemies. After months and months and months of their voyage when they did find the Nile they named it after the queen Victoria. When voyagers go out to explore they usually name what they discoveredit could be land, lake, mountains, etc. The explorers defeated the tribes with guns. But once thetechnology improved they invented machines guns and they were able to take over all of Africa.

The Meiji Restoration of Japan

Mathew perry was a bully to the Japanese. He knew that he could take them down with his modern technology weapons. The Japanese were so defenseless because all they had were weak military. Japan wasn't very advanced in technology because they have been isolated from the rest of the world for a long time. America saw japan as a good source of reloading supplies like coal and water and food when the U.S ships are sailing. Mathew perry arrived to japan and tried to negotiate to open ports since it was a archipelago country meaning it has many island. The Japanese weren't so much willing to do that. Once the Japanese saw the ships with cannons and rifles and so high tech the Japanese knew they had to do what the Americans wished or not they will be conquered. The Japanese had to sign the treaty to open a port. From there on that opened the minds of the Japanese and they realized they have to catch up with the rest of the world because the isolation that they have been going through had caused them to be so far behind in technology. The Japanese sent their people to study foreign countries in Europe and to America. they study their lifestyle and especially the technology, military and everything that was really important. they wanted to catch up. the Meiji era changed the economy completely their were factories in japan.by the end of the Meiji era when the emperor died they know had a centralized government, a well-developed transport and communication system, a highly educated population of feudal class, an established and rapidly growing industrial sector based on the latest technology and a powerful army and navy. With that powerful navy and army they were able to defeat all mighty powerful Russia. that caused them to get a lot of respect by the other nations.

karl marx and communism

Communism is a social and economic system style of government where everybody is equal . Karl Marx believed that all workers should unite and work together. He wanted to prevent rich people over controlling the poor. He hated how the rich got richer and the poor got poorer. He wanted communism. All people to be equal and make the same amount of money. This meant that if you studied harder than another person and went all the way through school and another person that studied a little bit will make the equal amount of money as you do. He thought that this was a solution. Communism is a great idea written down but when people have to do this action it is not well accomplished because people are so ambitious and greedy and somebody is going to want to rule. After that dictatorship will most likely occur just like cuba, communist and dictatorship.

Karl Marx and the Industrial Revolution

Karl Marx was a German man. He opposed the industrial revolution. Marx did not like the way people were treated. He also did not like their wages. He stated that their wage was much to short for the price of the merchandises that were being made. This happened because capitalists made profits of what was sold. he hated how the rich got richer and the poor got poorer.Marx tried to show that one economic class oppressed the another. He thought that there should be a new class that can overthrow the current class and this class was communism. He believed that communism was the answer and the people who were with it understood the class struggle best.

Nationalism and the Creation of Italy

Nationalism is beautiful it shows the respect and honor you give for your country. Nationalism is when you give lots of pride to a country and are able to sacrifice for it. It can be your birth country or the country of your parents if they migrated from somewhere else or a country that you just simply love. I myself am nationalistic but not for this country. Yes I am proud to be an American but not to the point i will sacrifice for it. I am very nationalistic to my mothers native country my background country EL Salvador. To show that I am proud I go to the Salvadorean Independence parade, I also have a wrist band, the flag as my key chain, shirt saying i love El Salvador, a hat and last a flag in my bedroom. Some people say I may be too proud but "hey" that's were my family comes from.
Italy is a beautiful country full of touristic places that will amaze you it became a country because of people who are nationalistic. Nationalism destroyed empires in Europe causing people to be more proud of their land and wanting it to be free. These empires started to break down into countries. One of those countries was Italy. Italy was divided into diverse kingdoms and each of them had their own states. The north was ruled by Austria and the south was the kingdom of two Sicily's.
Nationalist leaders were send to exile including Mazzini. He was a nationalist leader who made people rebel in certain states and he also started a club called "young Italy". Camillo di Cavour was a leader who almost led Italy to unification. He smartly chose the right people who to be alliance with and achieved expansion. Camillo di Cavour wanted to get the north but Austria was a problem so with the help of France he was able to kick them out. He then conquered north Italy. He then wanted to get control of the south so he made the southern states rebel. A small Italian army went to the south and captured Sicily led by a romantic soldier called Giuseppe Garibaldi. The south and the north were now united. In 1866, the Austrian province of Venetia, which included the city of Venice, became part of Italy. In 1870, the Italians took over the Papal States. Rome soon then became part of Italy and the capital. This was the new Italy all united and strong and a beautiful nation.

Simon Bolivar and Latin American Revolutions

Simon Bolivar was a great military leader and political leader. Simon Bolivar actions were to set Latin America free from Spain. Equality, justice, liberty and freedom is what Latin America wanted. Simon bolivar believed that all these qualities can be achieved. He was inspired by the Americans breaking away from England and the French getting set free from powerful leader Robespierre and especially the enlightenment thinkers.
The country Bolivia is named after Simon Bolivar. After he kicked out the Spaniards in 1824 he made a part in upper Peru a separate state named Bolivia in his honor.

Robespierre and The Reign of Terror

The Reign Of Terror
The Reign Of Terror lasted 10 month during the french revolution. Everybody wanted democracy but it wasn't happening. This was a war of dictatorship. during this time a couple amount of men tried to govern the country of France. But Maximilien Robespierre ended up over powering everybody else and ended up dominating. his biggest competition was Danton. Danton was good at public speeches but Robespierre was hard working and ambitions. Robespierre believed in Rousseau work. Rousseau was a great enlightenment thinker. The leaders wanted to raise a new army.
In 1793 they passed a law in France called "the law of suspects". This was a law that eliminated those they believed was a traitor enforced by the revolutionary people. Thousands of people died just because they were suspects they was no need of evidence. Their heads were chopped off. This was france's way of solving problems.

The French Revolution: Social Causes

The French revolution brought King Louis XVI to an end. The french revolution began in 1789. France had economic problems but was very powerful and the people had no freedom at all especially those who were poor. Monarchy had total control. The nobles and the clergy enjoyed as much as they can taking advantage of those who were poor. They had freedom in everything especially political matters. The clergy and nobles did not have to pay taxes but those who were poor had to pay heavy taxes. Peasants which were the common people were part of the third estate those who were poor payed heavy taxes.
The French were inspired by the famous enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau. They opened the French people mind creating them and giving them the thought of going against their king. On top of the influence of the enlightenment thinkers they were as well inspired to go against their King because the Americans just won a revolution against England.
The year was 1789 and King Louis XVI called the estate general because of their financial situation. The peasants which were part of the third estate did not agree at all with the unfair system of the general estate. The third estate created a national assembly some were afraid of the king and others weren't. All they wanted was a change in the Constitution. The third estate were hungry and angry so their only option was to attack the Bastille prison for political prisoners. Once Bastille came tearing down the french revolution began.

Copernicus and the Trail of Galileo

There was a time when people long before thought that the earth was at the center of the universe but that of course is incorrect. Scientist like Copernican believed that this was incorrect. The theory of believing that the sun is not the center of the universe is called geocentric and the theory of believing that the sun is the center of the universe is called heliocentric. Geocentric came first and it was hard to prove that it was wrong but during the scientific revolution the heliocentric theory was thought about allot within the scientists.
Galileo was sentenced to home imprisonment for that fact that he disagree with the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic church believed that the center of the universe was the earth and he of course believed that was incorrect so they had to take actions and send him to trail in Rome. At 69 years of age he withrew and then was sentenced to home imprisonemt. But he still continued with his science activities.

Scientific Revolution: Scientific Method

People would gather their information and ideas about science according with what the ancient Romans and the ancient Greeks and what the bible said. These were their sources for questions they had about science. That didn't mean everything that was written was right. The ancient Greeks and Christians believe that the earth and all the planets revolved around the earth. But it was proven that that was wrong according to scientist and the involvement of scientific revolution.
People would believe whatever they wanted to believe but not all of it was proven. Thank god for the scientific revolution because it caused the ideas to be challenged and thought about even more carefully. Aristowas in the center of the universe but this statement was wrong. They believed that the sun tle thought that heavy objects fell quicker than lighter objects but thanks to Galileo he proved that this theory of Aristotle was wrong. Objects of different weight fall at the same time. There were also many other theories that were proven incorrect. Thanks to scientific revolution this has happened. Important scientist weren't afraid to speak out and retest these theories and that's what science should be about.

Evolution vs. Creation

Evolution
A. Evolution is a process that happens after a long period of time. All living things at a certain point look diffrent from what they look now because as the years have passed all living organisms have changed their body structures. All organisms have a commmon ancestor according to the theory humans come from primates.
B. Charles Darwin focused and studyed evolution. One of his thoery was about natural selection.
According to Darwin he believed that natural selection was an important process. Natural selection was natures process to make the strongest organisms live when a biome is changing temperature, food source and other changes in a biome. This was called survival of the fittest. Only the strongest animals will survive that phase and the weakest ones will die. These new survival genes would be passed on to survive and this cycle will keep repeating.
C. Darwins thoery has affected the beliefs of others. Some people agree with his thoery and his thoery opened a whole new world for these people but others oppose his thoery. These people who oppose would say something most likely like god created the world and only he has changed and created all living organisms.

Creation
A. Creationism is a rejection from evolution. This is a belief that all humanity, life and the universe and everything in between is a creation from god.
B. As well as people agreeing about evolution there are also poeple who agree with creationism and they belief that god put us here and he is changing us not evolution. In the early 19 hundreds people in the Unites States passed laws stating that evolution shouldnt be tought at all and especially in school.
C. Even if people oppose evolution diffrent religions have thier own point of view of this universe.
Hinduism creationism believe that human have lived in unchanged form for many millions of years.
Jewish creationism think science is as true as in what they believe.
Islamic and christians have some similairties. They believe god was first and created this universe therefore everything comes from god.